Gezira scheme history book pdf

The gezira scheme was begun by the british while the area was governed as part of angloegyptian sudan. One of the possible ways was to clearly offer support to sudans development efforts, with irrigation high on that agenda. The challenges ahead require sharper focus, real commitment, and concrete action. Water productivity of sunflower under different irrigation. Gaitskell believed that the gezira scheme merited such a book is telling. Between the two world wars, the clubs rosters also listed the names of titled european. History of agricultural transformation and the role of international. Mobileereaders download the bookshelf mobile app at or from the itunes or android store to access your ebooks from your mobile device or ereader. Current status of agriculture and future challenges in sudan. Analysis the gezira scheme has come to the forefront of events during the past weeks in the wake of the resignation that was tendered by the president of the scheme s board of directors, dr. A story of development in the sudan, was published in 1959 shortly af. The study mainly based on analysis of secondary data of cotton crop in gezira scheme. Options for the sustainable development of the gezira scheme pdf, government of.

Pdf ertsen odun water history book tvedt and oestigaerd. The increase in nile water allocation through the 1959 nile waters agreement with egypt led for example to the construction of the managil extension of the gezira scheme and of the new halfa scheme. Improvising planned development on the gezira plain, sudan. The sudanese became owners of one of the most spectacular agricultural experiments in the middle east and africa, certainly the largest agricultural unit of its kind in the world, and one of the most profitable.

Improvising planned development on the gezira plain, sudan, 19001980 palgrave studies in the history of science and technology 97817568175 by ertsen, maurits w. We find many pros and cons regarding the activity of the various departments of agriculture during the past five decades in sudan. It has a capacity of two hundred plot holders with each plot averaging 0, 5 hectares therefore. Central to my investigation of the colonial moral economy of the gezira scheme is arthur gaitskell, who began work in the gezira in 1923 and managed the scheme from 1945 until his retirement in 1952. Anne pitcher struggles over labor struggles over markets. Irrigation management project gutenberg selfpublishing. Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in the gezira scheme, sudan babiker o. A story of development in the sudan faber and faber, london, 1959. Gezira scheme project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. However, during the last ten years 1999 to 2009 gezira scheme was a high priority beginning with a presidential decree which mandated dr. When i first came to know the sudan between the two world wars and visited that strange plain of the gezira, made stranger by the gleaming geometrical pattern of the irrigation channels, i was deeply impressed by the need to spread knowledge of this unique achievement in economic partnership between a colonial government, a commercial company and what had been a.

Improvising planned development on the gezira plain, sudan, 1900. Sectoral competition and regional distribution of gdp in sudan 1956. Another point mark in the gezira scheme history is that of managil extension which increase the gezira scheme area. It is a truism that isotope methods, notably the use of neutron soil moisture and gamma soil density gauges, offer a new and effective means of research into plantsoilwater relationships. It is centered on the sudanese state of al jazirah, just southeast of the confluence of the blue and white nile rivers at the city of khartoum. Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in. Perspectives for sustainable development i summary and conclusions situation and outlook in brief the gezira irrigation scheme was established in 1925 and enlarged to its present capacity of 2. It is centered on the sudanese state of al jazirah. Environmentally, both lie in a semiarid climate with a long dry season of. Britain to be used as inputs for the production of the british textile mills, so the gezira scheme the largest economic projects in sudan was established specifically to achieve this goal. The scheme is situated thirty kilometers along the zaka mashoko dusty road.

Origins of the gezira scheme british parliament approved a loan of gbp 3 million to the sudan government in 19 1919 the sudan plantation syndicate, the kassala cotton company and the government of sudan established a partnership to develop the gezira scheme. The gezira irrigation scheme in sudan objectives, design, and. The irrigation system is divided into the upper system us that includes the dam. The first part comprises the introduction and general country information. The first part deals with the history and evolution of the gezira scheme since 1925. The causes of sudans recent economic decline haitham abdualaziz almosharaf 1, fung deng tian. Another point mark in the gezira scheme history is that of managil extension which increase the gezira scheme area from less than one million feddans to 2. Higher quality 6 x 9 black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. The typical image of the gezira scheme, the largescale irrigation scheme started under british colonial rule in sudan, is of a centrally planned effort by a central colonial power controlling tenants and cotton production. This report examines how the design of the gezira irrigation scheme has resolved. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy.

Nile river basin the international water management. Routledge ebooks are available through vitalsource. Since its establishment in 1925 decisions in the sudans gezira irrigated scheme have been topdown from the central headquarters of the sudan gezira board sgb. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content economie aspects ofagricultural production in the gezira sam l. Raising productivity through broadening farmers choice on farm systems and water management tcpsud0065 wb fao collaboration in assisting gos defining options for sustainable development of the gezira pilot implemented under fao technical cooperation june 2000 october 2002 budget. Taj alsir mustafa to prepare a study on the institutional reform of the gezira, new halfa and rahad agricultural schemes. The world bank and the gezira scheme in the sudan political. Gradually th, e study came to centre on settlemen schemet ass organizations. Abstract the primary objective of this study is to measure and.

Arthur gaitskell on the gezira, dated 1959, which is. Media in category gezira scheme the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Why do gezira tenants withhold their households labour. Would it be a turning point in the history of the gezira scheme. The low contribution of the tenants household labour in the scheme s farming was a matter which was not expected and which begged for explanation. The water comes from the blue nile the utility type of water management occurs in areas where the land is owned by many, but the exploitation and distribution of the water resources are managed by government organizations.

This report is an overview of the gezira scheme up to the present day. Country club in cairo long a symbol of british imperialism and insularity in egypt, the gezira, as it is usually called, was founded in 1882 and originally limited its membership to highranking british civil servants in the egyptian government and officers of the army of occupation. The history of sudan includes that of both the territory that composes republic of the sudan, south sudan as well as that of a larger region known by the term sudan. The gezira scheme is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Very briefly where and what the gezira scheme is today. The gezira scheme was designed in the 1920s after prolonged experiments had been carried out on a prototype scale. Read while you wait get immediate ebook access when you order a print book. Ertsen odun water history book tvedt and oestigaerd. Cotton, colonialism, and social history in subsaharan.

Location of study sites in the gezira part of the central clay plains of sudan. Annual report of field crops economic surveys sudan gezira board, economic and social research unit. The region is the site of the gezira scheme, a program to foster cotton farming begun in 1925. Dam, which provides irrigation water for the rahad scheme. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Nile river basin the international water management institute. Projects like gezira are best understood in terms of continuous negotiations. The area was at the southern end of nubia and little is known about its ancient history and only limited archaeological work has been conducted in this area. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Michael kevane, the international journal of african historical studies, vol. The scheme has played an important role in the economic development of the country, and is a major source of foreign exchange. May 1 august 31 2012 2012 2014 between human niche construction and imperial power. Improvising planned development on the gezira plain, sudan, 19001980 pp 151171 cite as.

The main irrigation schemes of africa and zimbabwe free. Selected morphological characteristics of soils from. Maurits erstens wellwritten history of the gezira scheme relies almost exclusively on the sudan archives at durham university. Irrigation canals of the gezira scheme, sudan, from space, 1997, with the utility type of management. Mirghani department of agricultural economics, faculty of agriculture and natural resources, university of bakht al ruda, sudan. In the preface to his book, gaitskell states that the funda. It will be a useful guide to others wishing to use the sudan archives for further study of the gezira scheme, since ertsen provides good summaries of many reports and memos. Challenges in prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the sudan mutamad a. Cotton, colonialism, and social history in subsaharan africa allen isaacman and richard roberts cotton policies and african realities note on cotton and climate. Universitat and the deutsches museum, munich, germany. Location north central south symbol date soil pit dug date examined approx.

Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Colonial moral economy and the discipline of development. Al jazirah became the sudan s major agricultural region with more than 10,000 square kilometres 2. The typical image of the gezira scheme, the largescale irrigation scheme started under british. Gezira is a wellpopulated area suitable for agriculture. E lowveld irrigation schemes are fewer than the differences but still a few can be found from both a physical and socioeconomic point of view. Doctors and political officials alike knew that the opening of a massive irrigation scheme would bring epidemiological change, potentially threatening the ability. Water productivity of sunflower under different irrigation regimes at gezira clay soil, sudan crc press book the gezira scheme is sudans oldest and largest gravity irrigation system. The authors propose that the gezira scheme has played a paradoxical role in the capitalist transformation of the sudan reinforcing some noncapitalist production relations while at the same time acting as an engine for the peripheral capitalist development. The gezira scheme is sudans oldest and largest gravity irrigation system. Palgrave studies in the history of science and technology. It was thus a nonperennial scheme with monoculture. The gezira irrigation scheme highlights the complicated relationships between medicine, capital, and the health of labour.

It analyses the basin characteristics using statistical data and modern tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. This paper analyses the changing patterns of infection with schistosoma mansoni and s. The need to protect the gezira from disease infection dominated interwar medical policy and medical research. Other crops were initially grown to provide food for. When i first came to know the sudan between the two world wars and visited that strange plain of the gezira, made stranger by the gleaming geometrical pattern of the irrigation channels, i was deeply impressed by the need to spread knowledge of this unique achievement in economic partnership between a colonial government, a commercial company and what had been a very. Archaeological, historical, religious, and natural unique sites. The gezira scheme was begun by the british and distributes water from the blue nile through canals and ditches to tenant farms lying. Pharmaceutical sciences journals ann jose ankara escort. Versluys 1953 the gezira scheme in the sudan and the russian kolkhoz. This book rewrites geziras history in terms of colonial control, farmers actions and resistance, and the broader development debate.

Gezira versus lowveld irrigation schemes free zimsec. It covers a net cultivable ar ea of little less than one. Gezira scheme irrigation project, sudan britannica. Other major farming areas are watered by the khashm alqirbah dam on the atbara river and by alru.

A matter of relationships actornetworks of colonial rule in the gezira irrigation system, sudan. Project muse economic aspects of agricultural production in. Cotton, colonialism, and social history in subsaharan africa. Pdf the lack of effective water distribution systems has hindered the development. Copes final report on the project in which he took part is adequate. Weaving the word pdf download full pdf read book page. The new halfa scheme is located on the upper atbara river in the east of the country. This page was last edited on 3 november 2012, at 07.

The gezira scheme, the manaquil scheme, the gumuiya scheme. The gezira scheme is located between the blue and white nile ri vers south of khartoum at app roximately 0 and 15 0 north latitude. For the sudan gezira scheme, the eighties have been a decade of missed opportunities. At that time the sennar dam and numerous irrigation canals were built. Some of the problems, both economic and social, which arose in planning the gezira scheme, and the way in which they were handled. The possible relevance of some of this history to todays development problems. Disease, quarantine, and racial categories in the gezira. Carbon dioxide, global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion,destruction of rainforests. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The free vitalsource bookshelf application allows you to access to your ebooks whenever and wherever you choose. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control schistosomal. It was part of the kingdom of alodia for several centuries and with that states collapse in the early sixteenth century became the centre of the funj kingdom of sennar. The gezira scheme which was established during british colonial rule in sudan was often viewed as a model of development where small producers tenants are incorporated into a largescale project. In the early 1950s, it was cleareven to the britishthat in a near future sudan would become much more, if not completely, independent.